Osteochondrosis is a familiar pathology to the population under 40% of the population aged 35-40, while nearly 90% of the elderly are older. Even in adolescents, signs of osteochondria are sometimes found – drop in the height of the disc, pain, spinal discomfort. If you start treatment of the disease before disk damage in the first phase, the chances of stopping progress are high.
What is osteochondrosis?
As the osteocartilage of the spine degeneration, one or more intervertebral discs occur. The disease can occur in any department:
- Thoracic spine;
- Shein;
- Lumbar (lumbar spine).
In severe cases, degeneration of vertebrates in the background in osteocartilage is observed throughout the pillar, which can lead to human disability. So, what is this disease - osteochondrosis? This pathology is associated with the gradual stabilization and progressive invasion of the hyacinth cartilage nutrients located on the intervertebral disc, so they change their position, shape, cracks. A person suffers from severe pain syndrome and the function of the entire musculoskeletal system is impaired.
What are the consequences of osteocartilage? If you don't do the treatment, the vertebrae will be compressed, the cracks between them will be reduced, and the discs will appear to collapse. This will lead to damage to the nerve roots, damage to the spinal cord, and damage to the work of internal organs. Bone bone plants appear on the edge of the disk - causing more painful growth. The consequences of this spinal disease are very serious.
The main causes of osteochondrosis
Scientists concluded that osteochondrosis, the disease is a result of a person's directness, and therefore most people suffer. Daily high load on the spine, age-related deterioration of vascular function, nutritional inferiority and physical aging are the main causes of osteocartilage opaque bones. The following factors are under pressure from:
- Frequent physical inappropriate body (e. g. , sitting bent at a table with a bag on your shoulder);
- Sleeping on a soft mattress, pillows;
- Flat feet, deformed legs;
- Metabolic diseases;
- Excessive weight creates an enhanced load on the vertebrae;
- hypoemia;
- Posture disorders;
- Multiple pregnancy;
- Long smoking experience;
- Instability of the vertebrae.
Injury, severe physical exercise greatly aggravated the development of spinal bone and cartilage. Therefore, athletes, physically employed employees, osteochondrosis in the lower back - a very "popular" problem. Genetics also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of syndromes - if parents have serious back problems when they are young, the child is at a high risk of having spinal disease.
Psychology of osteochondrosis
The psychosomatic cause of pathology is to find new directions for its formation prerequisites. Psychology means the impact of psychological factors on the development and process of physical diseases. The link between physical and mental problems is indeed limited to limitations, and healthy people may suffer from routine pain. With osteochondrosis, some people do not have objective causes of pathology, but it continues to progress.
Up to 30% of patients after visiting a doctor said:
- Constant pressure;
- Long-term experience;
- Excessive distortion of nerves;
- Family issues;
- conflict;
- Moral collapse.
Disease stage
The intervertebral disc consists of liquid and solid parts. The first is in the center, representing a resilient core. The core is surrounded by a strong ring above. It is through the liquid structure that all pathological changes in the disk begin, and later spread across its shell.
In medicine, the four stages of osteochondrosis are distinguished. This refers to the severity of spinal violations conditional pathology units:
- The first stage of osteochondrosis. The amount of moisture in the disk drops and dehydrates. No destruction has occurred, but after severe dehydration of the nucleus of the fibrous annular fibrils, microcracks begin to appear. Symptoms at this stage of the disease are usually not present.
- The second stage of osteochondrosis. The height of the intervertebral disc begins to drop, which means gradual attachment of symptoms and pathological progression. In the spine, the distance between distances is reduced between its various segments, which is why ligaments sag. At this stage, in many patients, the disease causes vertebrae-spinal spinal cord fissures. Pain, discomfort, aggravation, and pain may occur even if it is relieved.
- The third stage. At this stage, the osteocartilage of the spine can develop severe pain syndromes as complications begin to develop. Most commonly, this is a herniation of the intervertebral disc, less articulation (degeneration) of the vertebral joints, and a subluxation of the vertebral bones. The limitation of mobility of affected spinal segments supplements the pain.
- The fourth stage of osteochondrosis. The spine begins to adapt to new conditions of existence, trying to fix the vertebrae to prevent final destruction. For this purpose, bone plants grow. The pain can be severe due to injury to the end of the nerve.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
The first sign of osteochondrosis usually begins in the initial stages where there is no pain yet. On the neck, on the lower back, less frequency - while moving, in the chest area, you will hear the sound of crunch (which means violating the power of the disk, which is dehydrated). Additionally, during overload, working in uncomfortable positions, a person can pay attention to the stiffness of the back or neck muscles. They turn into "stones" on one or both sides, which is uncomfortable and can cause burning and irritation.
Subsequently, the symptoms of osteochondrosis became more obvious. When resting, a person will feel normal, but working, lifting weights, and dreaming on a uncomfortable pillow can cause this phenomenon:
- pain;
- pain;
- Numbness of hands (injury to the neck);
- A stiff feeling;
- Forced reduction in exercise;
- Muscle spasms;
- feast;
- Increased pressure;
- Violate posture.
Osteochondrosis produces more obvious signs and symptoms when overloading the patient's spine. The pain occurs on the shoulder, reaching it to his hands, elbows, and the headache occurs. As the osteocartilage of the cervical spine degeneration, there is noise in the ears, dizziness, and syndrome of the vertebral artery occurs, and vision is disturbed. Over time, without treatment for bone cartilage, no muscle atrophy occurs and the skin becomes pale. The process of heart disease may be exacerbated, and the work of the liver, gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract is disrupted.
What is the pathology caused?
The consequences of this disease are always unpleasant and they can increase pain. There are osteochondrosis, including:
- Disk herniation;
- prolapse and hernia of intervertebral discs;
- The onset of glomerulositis, lumbar, lumbar department;
- Kybhosis, scoliosis.
The danger to a person depends largely on the type of hernia of spinal osteocartilage degeneration. They are anterior, posterior, lateral, and the most dangerous is posterior hernia - they can squeeze the spinal cord. In the lumbar segment of the spine, hernia are most common, mainly between 4-5 vertebrae.
Lumbar osteochondrosis can cause very unpleasant symptoms - shelter (casket nut). The pain in the back is burning, sharp, unbearable, and unbearable. The reason is that nerves are clamped, because the patient will be damaged by a nerve bundle. Osteochondrosis in tail equine syndrome is particularly dangerous when a person squeezes a large bunch of spinal nerves. As a result, the function of the intestine, i. e. the bladder, can even occur in the paralysis of the legs.
Signs of osteochondrosis often come down to severe muscle atrophy. If the muscles are not involved in the body for a long time, the movement of the spine is limited and the individual fibers are weakened. As a result, the patient can become a disabled person trapped in sleep. Cervical osteochondrosis is also very dangerous because the hernia in this section can cause blood supply to the brain. At this stage, there are risks of visual impairment, swallowing, speech and other brain functions.
diagnosis
By independently identifying signs of osteochondrosis, you need to consider its treatment. Since spinal lesions can reach different stages, the treatment of osteochondrosis is also not equal. It is important to make the right diagnosis so that the treatment is chosen correctly.
Due to the prevalence of the disease and the presence of characteristic symptoms, doctors will be able to make a diagnosis at the time of initial examination. However, to distinguish osteochondrosis from other diseases of the back and internal organs, the following diagnosis was made:
- X-Ray of the spine. It will help identify the height of the intervertebral disc, the extent to which it is thinner, and the presence of bone plants.
- CT, MRI. It is preferable in the exam. With this disease, the severity of damage to the nerves and soft tissues will allow the determination of the smallest protrusions.
Laboratory testing does not play the highest role for osteochondrosis, but the general analysis provides that requires biochemistry to rule out inflammatory processes and rheumatoid lesions of the bones. To study muscle function, doctors performed many physical examinations and elucidated the work of blood vessels and nerves, which form duplex electromyography.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
If the symptoms and treatment of osteochondrosis are determined, it is not worth delaying treatment - the disease progresses rapidly. In the early stages, gymnastics, massage is usually recommended to strengthen muscles - this is enough. In the remaining stages of osteochondrosis, medication is required and sometimes surgery is required.
Relieving pain is the most unpleasant sign of the disease – you can use non-replacement anti-inflammatory drugs. They cannot heal osteocartilage, but they are always prescribed before exercise therapy to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, these drugs are administered in injections, but they are usually recommended in tablets in the form of ointments in tablets for 7-14 days.
If a person has strong pain syndrome in the spine, inject his glucocorticoid injection directly into the injured area.
The following methods are also used for the treatment of osteochondrosis:
- B vitamin B helps improve nerve conductivity in the spine.
- Cartilage protector. They nourish vertebrae and strengthen the disc.
- musorelaxant. Reduce the intensity of muscle cramps in osteochondrosis.
- Vascular drugs. Optimize blood circulation in the spine.
如果骨软骨病已经发展，则只有软骨保护剂会进行麻醉和致病治疗，它们将在课程中进行3-6个月。其余的药物具有症状作用，不会影响骨软骨症本身的过程。
Physical Therapy and Osteochondral Disease
在措施列表中，而不是治疗骨软骨病，必要包括物理治疗技术。多亏了物理疗法，骨软骨病的治疗将更加有效，因为该动作直接扩展到炎症的重点。物理疗法将减轻疼痛综合征，消除痉挛，改善血液微循环，有助于从神经中清除夹子。The most popular methods are as follows:
- Electrophoresis. 以这种方式治疗骨软骨的治疗将使放松，抗炎物质和麻醉剂将放松，肌肉，肌肉和韧带的区域直接输送到椎体区域中。
- ultrasound. 缓解不愉快的症状，麻醉，会产生振动按摩的效果，可在局部一级激活新陈代谢。
- Magnetic therapy. Cross-magnetic or constant magnetic fields eliminate the inflammatory process.
所有类型的物理疗法都应通过10-15个程序的课程进行，而个人禁忌症必须考虑到个人禁忌症。
Gymnastics and massage
骨软骨病治疗中的运动疗法起主要作用。如果没有运动疗法，就不可能形成坚固的肌肉紧身胸衣，而后者对于维持生病的脊柱绝对必要。此外，体操会增强椎骨区域的血液循环，改善代谢过程，并有助于快速去除衰减产品。
How to cure osteocartilage changes with gymnastics? 该建筑群仅单独选择，并且只有在1-2阶段才能在没有医生控制的情况下进行。在后来的阶段，不必要，更强大的运动可能会导致光盘分散并加强问题。在3个阶段，所有练习仅在谎言位置进行。
Massage is required to treat osteochondrosis. 在急性阶段，他们不这样做 - 这会引起刺激。但是，在骨软骨中的慢性阶段正确执行的按摩是必不可少的。课程过程后，肌肉放松，去除夹具，神经和血管开始正常起作用。按摩仅在柔和的模式下进行，而不会突然移动。
Pathological prevention
为了不为手术进行骨软骨病，仔细考虑预防措施很重要：
- Do not allow hypoemia. 这种疾病可以随着电力负载而进展，但是游泳，滑雪板，充电只会受益并帮助整个肌肉和健康。
- Follow the posture. 在工作和在家中，重要的是要正确坐着，而不是直觉，从童年开始。
- Sleep on a comfortable pillow. 有预防枕头，现有的骨软骨病，还使用其他几种治疗性枕头。
- Don't lift weights. 如有必要，您应该坐下来，与物体抬起，向后伸直。
- Courses are performed regularly to strengthen muscle. 这对于脖子，背部，压力，下背部的肌肉很重要。
- Wear comfortable shoes. Orthopedic shoes do not allow risk factors to defeat the vertebrae.
饮食良好，不要吸烟，用维生素富集饮食，消耗更多的液体也很重要 - 因此病理学的可能性会降低。